Epidaurus theatre Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Despite designing what is widely considered the finest theater in Greece, Polykleitos the Younger is probably better known for his sculptures of athletes. He is also credited with the tholos of the sanctuary of Asclepius, which is about 500 yards southeast of the theater. Sanctuary of Ritual and Healing 5 The great plays of Euripides and Sophocles and other great playwrights were presented at Epidaurus. However, by the time the theater had been completed, the great golden era of original Greek drama had reached its high-water mark. Polykleitos’ achievement came â€Å"after the great creative period of Greek drama had come to an end. Where in fifth-century Athens only new works had been given – three tragedies (each in three parts) and five comedies each year – now there were revivals of the most popular of those ‘classics’ from which Aristotle was soon to draw the rules of dramatic poetry† (Honour & Fleming, 4.44). As in Athens, so it came to be at Epidaurus. We will write a custom essay sample on Epidaurus theatre or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Style and Structure One of ancient Greece’s greatest contributions to western culture is the genius its dramatists showed for drawing complexity from simplicity. The same can be said for architects and sculptors like Polykleitos, whose design at Epidaurus seems to have perfected the delicate balance between simplicity and complexity. â€Å"The theater is among the most spectacular of all ancient Greek constructions and one that seems to crystallize an ideal of architecture as pure geometrical form†¦The form regularized and embellished the earliest type of theater, which had been simply a natural hollow in a hill adapted for rituals connected with the cult of Dionysius† (Honour & Fleming, 4.43/44). The auditorium itself is 387 feet in diameter with more than 55 tiers of limestone benches (the names of donors were etched into the benches) capable of accommodating as many as 14,000 spectators, interspersed with poros stairs and surrounding more than half the orchestra platform and chorus area. A long, narrow stage built with timber was set just beyond the Sanctuary of Ritual and Healing 6 orchestra (Honour & Fleming, 4.44). The auditorium was significantly enhanced in the second century B. C. with a walkway and an upper seating area comprised of 21 rows of benches and 23 stairways. The lower seating section has 34 rows and 13 stairways (Darling, 211). Despite its size, simplicity was designed into every aspect of the auditorium, which â€Å"is simple but perfectly suited to its function.

Postmodernism Of The Rocky Horror Picture Show - 1065 Words

Sink 1 Daniel Sink Foster ENG 195 1 November 2016 Postmodernism of The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) The Rocky Horror Picture Show , directed by Jim Chapman, is a campy comedy musical set in a horror and science fiction themed castle in which sexuality and hilarity run rampant. The film, closely based on a stage production, hit theaters in 1975 and continued to rule the midnight film scene, becoming a cult-classic. By using homage and allusion to science fiction and horror B-films, lambasting sexual identity and gender normality, and employing a self-referential universe, The Rocky Horror Picture Show stands as a strong representation of 1970 s postmodernism in film. The Rocky Horror Picture Show opens with the, now iconic, disembodied set of red lips singing â€Å"Science Fiction/Double Feature†. The song is a nostalgia-trip through time as it references everything thing from Flash Gordon s underwear to reminding us who stars in Forbidden Planet. The setting of the film its self is a spooky manor and set piece that is alm ost identical to the sets from Hammer Film Productions such as The Curse of Frankenstein (Terence Fisher, 1957) and the remake of The Old Dark House (William Castle, 1963). When we first meet Dr. Frankenfurter, he suggests that all characters (and audience) â€Å"take in an old Steve Reeves movie† and by the films climax Frankenfurter is dressed like burlesque queen Lili St. Cyr and being carried up an RKO radio tower, much like Fay Wray beingShow MoreRelatedThe Genre Of Cult Film1741 Words   |  7 Pagesand my investigation will look into ways we are able to clarify the vast genre of cult film. Speculated by theorists such as Sconce, Jancovich and many others, cult film is one of the most diverse and ambiguous genres of the past 60 years in motion picture history. Beginning in the 1950s with unconventional flicks like Plan 9 from Outer Space and The Blob, cult film as a ‘quasi-genre’ began to not only reject one set of stylistic conventions, but also started t o expand into various sub-genres that itRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesthe case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouragedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesrecognize, albeit more gradually, a second threat to global survival in the last years of the century—accelerated climate change brought on by the release of ever-increasing, polluting emissions into the earth’s atmosphere. But, as Richard Tucker shows, this ultimate peril comprises only one of the many strands of environmental degradation that have, in their intensity and cumulative repercussions, set the world history of the twentieth century off from all previous phases of the human experience

Student Result Management System Free Essays

The potential of CIT attracted the attention of the development planners in Bhutan and the 10th FYI was designed to fully harness the potential of Sits to achieve the developmental goal especially of poverty reduction of the Millennium Declaration and Gross National Happiness. In order to address the IT HRS need in the country and to promote and support IT industries in the country, the Information Technology Department (IT’D) proposed to introduce a four year Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology degree in 2009. The College launched BE (IT) with 30 students from the winter semester of 010. We will write a custom essay sample on Student Result Management System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Presently, IT’D is supported by 6 teaching faculty, two technicians and two CIT staff (CIT Unit). To support the IT program, the college is constructing a new IT building which will be equipped with the latest IT equipment and facilities. To provide wholesome IT knowledge and skills to the students, IT’D introduced modular courses from 2011 in collaboration with UNIT under Chippie Righter Project. The department is currently working to introduce a testing center at the college. Project Duration: Expected Starting Date: Planned Duration in months: 8th September, 2014 8 months Executive Summary: Page 2 Scope, Introduction and Background of the Project A. Scope of the Project: The scope of the project is as follows: 1 . Student management system will include : 0 Student admission/registration 0 Student details 0 Fee payment records 0 Student ID generation. 2. Result Management System will constitute the following modules: 0 Continuous assessment 0 Attendance report 0 Previous academic records 0 Semester module subscription 0 Student’s quota validation 0 Publish / unpublished student results 0 View results B. Introduction: Bal . Project Background and Literature Review: (Detailed summary of what all has been done internationally in the proposed area quoting references and bibliography. Please note that this section demonstrates the depth of knowledge of the project team and builds the confidence of the evaluators about capability of the team in achieving the stated objectives. ) The number of students in the college are increasing. When it comes to registration, the cool The present system uses traditional means of paper and excel sheets for managing the student academic records and results. Managing manually doesn’t validates the exact information like students statistics and moreover it’s difficult to maintain each record. The exam management cell become quite handy with the increasing number f students every year and limited resources Thus, there need a systematic software/program to maintain the information and the academic performances of all the students. The proposed system is one of the solution that can not only reduce human work but can become effective too. The system will maintain every necessary details about each student, compile result and allow the students to view the result. 2. Current State of the Art: (Please describe the current state of the art specific to this research topic. ) Page 3 No result management system has been developed so far in the college. This will be he first attempt to develop the fully functioning result management system. C. (Please describe the challenges, specific to this research topic, currently being faced inte rnationally. ) 0 New admission/registration are tedious with large number of students. 0 Difficulties in maintaining correct information about student appearing in a semester and a repeating semester. No system to keep track of student fee payment records. 0 Lack of online result viewing system. D. Motivation and Need: (Please describe the motivation and need for this work. ) The development of result management system would help lecturers and students to easily manage and maintain the results. The Student Management System, being the dependency of Result Management System, would enable the online registration / admission, manage and update the students’ information, get the statistics of students such as number of students passed or failed in certain years, details of students, etc. Student results can be made available online for viewing, keeping track of the academic performances and attendance reports. 3. A. Specific Objectives Being Addressed by the Project: (Please describe the measurable objectives of the project and define the expected results. Use results-oriented wording with verbs such as to develop.. ‘, to implement.. ‘, to research.. ‘, to determine.. ‘, to identify.. ‘ The objectives should not be statements and should not include explanations and benefits. The objective should actually specify in simple words what the project team intends to achieve (something concrete and measurable/ deliverable). Fill only those objectives that are applicable to the proposed project. ) AAA . Research Objectives: (if any) AAA. Academic Objectives: (if any) AAA. Industrial Objectives: (if any) Page 4 AAA. Other Objectives: (if any) 4. Research Approach A. Development / Research / Test Methodology: (Please describe the technical details and Justification of your development and research plan and test plan and testing strategies. Identify specialized equipment, facilities and infrastructure which are required for the project and their utilization plan. The block diagrams, system flow charts, high level algorithm details etc. Eave to be provided in this section. ) Methodology for Development The methodology for our project is based on the Software Development Life Cycle (OSDL) We use a methodology that helps us design and develop complex systems sing phased approach (aka Waterfall model). This approach is designed to make sure that we don’t move from one phase to another before we have asse ssed and verified the results of the current phase, and that we have all the necessary information to move on. This methodology also makes the software project management much simpler. The OSDL helps us to define the â€Å"what†, work out â€Å"how’, and then develop and deliver a quality product by the â€Å"when†. System development as defined in OSDL version we are adopting consists of seven key phases. Following is a brief introduction to these key phases : Phase 1 : Capturing the Requirements – This phase will involve sitting down with the college exam controller and the focal person who looks after the overall academic matters (Dean Academic Affairs), student management body (Dean Student Affairs) and do lot of listening, followed by a lot of writing. The end result will be a document that defines what the college management requires in terms that the college management can understand. 0 Phase 2: Analyzing the Requirements – In this process, we will develop a deeper understanding of the requirements and will gather as much data we can to help while designing the solution. 0 Phase 3: Designing a Solution – After we understand the requirements and have analyzed them in detail, we will produce a design. This phase defines how the system will be built. Phase 4: Developing a Solution – From the â€Å"what† and the how, we will produce and test the individual, self-contained modules that will make up the solution. 0 Phase 5: System Integration and Testing – We will now take all the modules developed in Phase 4 and put them together as a complete solution. For the first time, we can test the entire system as a cohesive entity. We will confirm that we have a solid product that meets all the original requ irements. How to cite Student Result Management System, Essays

The Consort Statement For Clinical Trials

Question: Evaluate the reporting quality of the article against numbered CONSORT items, and suggest implications of the reporting quality for evidence-based practice. Answer: Abstract CONSORT statement is said to be evidence based, least set of suggestion for detailing randomized trials. CONSORT statement gives a standardized way for the authors to organize reports of experiment findings, assist transparent and complete reporting, lessening influence of biasness of the result and helping them in critically appraise and interpretation (Consort-statement.org, 2015). This CONSORT report will mention how the authors have pursued the research article named Lycra arm splints in conjunction with goal-directed training can improve movement in children with cerebral palsy (Elliott, Reid, Hamer, Alderson Elliott, 2011). The authors have systematically structured objectives of the research goal, research design, participants, intervention, outcomes, results and conclusions. In a research paper a title should be crisp and concise and the author has significantly set the title, which make this article easier to understand by the reader. The researchers have specifically menti oned the terms on which he wants to focus and also he is going to discuss for the rest of the research study. Introduction In the introductory part the authors have started explaining with the illness, which is cerebral palsy. This is a good approach because all the readers might not exactly understand the core medical terminologies. The authors have also informed the relationships and significance associated with cerebral palsy and related aspects. Their purpose was to identify the efficiency of upper limb lycra arm splinter. They have also hypothesized their researchable question in four ways. Hypotheses are considered as the proposed explanations for incidents. Hypotheses are generally set by the researchers whose aim is to compare certain targeted research topics. In this context, it can be said that the researchers wanted to find out whether lycra arm splinters along with goal directed training can develop the movement of the cerebral palsy affected children. Therefore, setting up hypotheses for this target research question is very much justified. With the help of these hypotheses the researchers c an come to a conclusion whether the splinting alone or splinting along with goal directed training can improve movement among the cerebral palsy affected children. The researchers have also briefly mentioned the qualitative and quantitative studies they have opted for their research. This helps the reader to understand whether the researchers have restricted only to a certain research data analysis or have opted for both, like: qualitative and quantitative research. In a paragraph the researchers have stated cerebral palsy in capitalize form and also did not use the abbreviation. If they have already mentioned the abbreviation prior then for the entire paper they should use the abbreviated form of that particular term. Methods Instead of writing in a paragraph as a whole, the researchers have structurally divided the part into design, participations, intervention, procedures and data analysis. The researchers have applied randomized trial with control research design. The control group includes patients who will be administered with the treatment only after treatment group has been administered. This is often performed for ethical causes. The waiting list control is considered as the way of making sure that all the subjects may get benefit from the treatment as even control group obtains treatment at the end. The researchers have also applied statistical terms. Statistical phrases for assumptions regarding the data from individual subject group are advantageous for validity of statistical significance tests. By mentioning these terms the researchers have efficiently stated that the data had the comparable statistical properties for two individual groups, hence these can be significantly compared. The resea rchers have also mentioned about Bonferroni correction for the comparison. Bonferroni correction balances for the application of different statistical tests when comparison is taking place between groups. During the test there may be too many unintentionally significant results may present, hence application of Bonferroni correction is of utmost importance. The effect size they are searching for is described by applying a standardized statistical measure of difference more willingly than a precise change in real measurements. The benefit of standardized effect size is that this can be used across several numbers of diverse measures immediately. Results In results, they were looking for alterations in the actual measurement, and not standardized measurement. After waiting, when control group lastly got their treatment, their outcomes were merged with initial treatment group. Analysis compared entire children eventually, as if these children were one group. But no treatment versus control measurement is presented by the researchers. The researchers have structurally presented the statistical data associated with the joint kinematics. The researchers have demonstrated a carryover effects. This means an outcome after the completion of the treatment. This phrase is often used when different treatments are applied over time and the consequences of single treatment postpone to the other treatment. Therefore, it can be said that use of particularly this term is slightly unusual here (Coghill Simkiss, 2010). The quantitative analyses in terms of statistical calculation were nicely represented along with al type of joint movements for the c hildren affected with cerebral palsy. The results part has included the calculations and the discussion is carry forwarded to the next section of the research study. Discussion In the very initial stage the researchers have further mentioned the purpose of the research study in order to significantly correlate the hypotheses with the results to reach to a conclusion. It was clearly stated by the researcher that splinting is a long-term therapeutic tool. In paragraph wise the researchers have discussed the result and correlated with different positions of the subjects who are affected with cerebral palsy, in order to check their improvement of movement when using lycra arm splints for upper limbs. The researchers have not clearly mentioned any goal directed training in this research; rather they have pretty much focused on the movement of the upper limbs and the use of lycra arm splints. In the discussion part it has also viewed that the researchers have mentioned about adult hemiplegia, but it would be good if they mentioned little about the condition and why they have linked this association with cerebral palsy in children. In discussion they have also men tioned a scope of further study regarding the same factor, but in a different way. They have concluded that splinting along with goal directed training can give rise to the accomplishment of movement targets and can have positive effect on upper limb kinematics in cerebral palsy affected children during selected functional tasks and those tasks were also mentioned within the research study. Therefore, it can be said that they have also left an opportunity for future researchers to extend the study on further impairment with different other functional tasks associated movements. Apart from few errors as a whole this research article is structured systematically and significantly by the researchers. References Coghill, J., Simkiss, D. (2010). Question 1 Do lycra garments improve function and movement in children with cerebral palsy?.Archives Of Disease In Childhood,95(5), 393-395. doi:10.1136/adc.2009.178624 Consort-statement.org,. (2015).Consort - Welcome to the CONSORT Website. Elliott, C., Reid, S., Hamer, P., Alderson, J., Elliott, B. (2011). Lycra arm splints improve movement fluency in children with cerebral palsy.Gait Posture,33(2), 214-219. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.11.008.

Times Were A-Changin Essays - Sons Of The American Revolution

Times Were A-Changin' All elections have many issues surrounding them. But none have had as many as the election of 1896. In my mind, the Depression was by far the largest issue in the election, but there were many other smaller issues, such as the gold vs silver standard, also played a major role in the candidates campaigns. The prior president, Grover Cleveland, had only worsened the economic standing in the United States by focusing all his efforts on the Silver Purchase Act. By doing this he lost his democratic supporters. This gave republicans great hopes for the upcoming election. The republicans nominee for president was a man name William McKinley, who was a congressman and a two time governor of Ohio. The democrats surprisingly nominated a congressman named William Jennings Bryan. Most people did not see Bryan as presidential material. Although he surprised many people by giving one of the most famous speeches of all time, supporting silver and attacking the "Goldbugs". McKinley's campaign strategy was to reach voters through a sophisticated mass-media, which was financed by huge corporations, such as Standard Oil and major rail roads. McKinley was being advertised as the "advance agent of prosperity." McKinley also supported not only the business classes, but also the unemployed workers, promising them a "full lunch pail". Bryan's strategy was to support the silver, which supported the lower classes, claiming free silver would lead to inflation and more disaster. Unlike McKinley, instead of staying at his home, Bryan traveled to twenty-seven states and speaking to three million people. With the election in the near future, many influential easterners thought Bryan's platform would disrupt social harmony. Others labeled Bryan as a "madman" or "anarchist". Because of the major interest in the election, record number of voters were expected. When the voting was in McKinley had won by a landslide margin, 271 electoral votes to Bryan's 176. In McKinley's platform he had promised that the Republican rule meant prosperity, and he kept his promise. As soon as McKinley stepped into office, the economic crisis recovered. This was largely due to discoveries of huge amounts of gold, which increased the nations money supply. The industrial production also shot up to full capacity. With the industrial production at full capacity, America was soon overwhelmed with by excess goods. Many businessmen wanted new markets, instead of cutting prices, which would redistribute wealth by allowing lower classes to buy excess goods or laying off workers, which in turn would only cause social unrest. With these reasons in mind, businessmen had to expand their business to the international level. After expanding business by exporting goods to China, Central America and many countries in Europe, the United States went from fourth to first in the world in manufacturing. The U.S also led in technological production, such as farm machinery. The total value of exports tripled, from $434 million in 1866 to $1.5 billion in 1900 and kept increasing 67 percent over the next few years. The trade was mainly done with Asian countries and the countries in Europe. This major exporting of goods was the first small step in helping the United States to becoming a dominant power in the world. More and more, Americans saw glory and greatness as legitimate motivation for expansionism. In the late 1890's, a group led by the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt, felt that the official policy not be "continentalism", but what they called the "large policy". Along with Roosevelt, a man named Alfred Thayan Mahan, a naval strategist, greatly influenced the foreign policy. Mahan advocated colonies in both the Caribbeans and the Pacific. He thought that the strong nations had an obligation to dominate the weaker ones. Mahan's and Roosevelt's ideas were soon spreading. The United States in general began believing their nation was the ideal country and should be the standard for other countries. Missionaries were sent to China to change the Chinese's beliefs. The number of Christian converts increased from 5,000 in 1870 to 100,000 in 1900. Economic relations also grew with China, the number of American firms rose from 50 to 550 between the years of 1870 and 1930, while trade increased more than 1500 percent. In 1895 the Cubans began to revolt against the harsh rule

Gun Control6 essays

Gun Control6 essays One of the most controversial issues of today is the topic of gun control. It is not only a popular debate, but has now become one of the key reasons people vote for a particular candidate. But is gun control the only answer to help stop crime, or is there another solution? I believe that if we as a society cannot even control ourselves to become responsible for our own actions then we are lost. Gun control isnt the answer, instead we should concentrate on training and controlling the people who are using these firearms. A quote from Charlton Heston, president of the NRA, We teach our children not to play with a hot stove, to look both ways before crossing the street and to avoid the dangers of drugs and other harmful substances. And we should certainly teach our young children how to avoid tragic accidents with firearms. With such groups as the NRA, ACLU, and the MRC many agree that their has to be another solution. The NRA alone has over four million people supporting them. The NRA also supports many programs to better increase the knowledge about firearms and the safety of the people using them. For example they agree with the proposition to have mandatory background checks for anyone purchasing a firearm at a gun show. They also agree with and help to fund school education programs for gun safety including their award winning Eddie Eagle GunSafe Programs, which since 1988 has been viewed by over 12 million school children in every state in the country. But the controversy doesnt arise in these programs because almost everyone would agree that a more informed and educated society isnt a bad thing. The problem lays within the issue of banning guns, and Should all guns be registered in a national database? The NRA says no. Another quote from Charlton Heston. In every jurisdiction where registration has been imposed, ...

Finish part B and C Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finish part B and C - Essay Example As Ventura capitalists venture into CF ltd, CF ltd needs to function based on equity, and it ought to have a market large enough to validate the millions being invested in the company. Value refers to the combined elements that contribute towards creating the worthiness of a company. The venture capitalist measures the value of CF ltd through identifying certain attributes of the firm such as its assets, shares, liabilities and capital funds. That is an essential tool that aids in identifying the future expectation in company growth. In the proposed investment, Ventura ltd assesses how important and otherwise untapped value creation occurs through the use of anticipated technology and products, and also defining the revenue stream precisely. CF ltd aims at acquiring a new drug line. Most investors know that new drug targets have large barriers to entry due to regulatory processes. As a venture capitalist works on investing their money into the company, first it needs to monitor the company’s trends in the industry and how it conducts itself in terms of adhering to regulations. Knowledge about a crucial investment requires the investor to find established partners who are early adopters in validating a product and endorse it, allowing more sales. At what stage does the firm develop technology? Can the organisation identify and mitigate on its risks? Every business is vulnerable to risk in one way or the other; therefore, the management team needs to formulate strategies that counter the risks, which might damage the firm if it lacks mitigation policies. As CF ltd develops a new drug line, it renders itself to a number of risks; hence, it needs to employ technology that deals with any future uncertainties. As a venture capitalist, one needs to know whether the proposed products stand a chance in the market. As an investor, the competitive edge of a new

Article summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Article summary - Essay Example of the development possibilities for a well built capital market backed by local investors in small economies despite the substantial growth of their economy. The data pointed out by the article proves the economic status of Slovenia as an ideal example for this scenario. The paper very well confirms the availability of ample infrastructure in Slovenia so as to develop a mature capital market. The author has urged the need of developing an ‘equity culture’ in the Slovenian market so as to create a promotional economic environment for the growth of a healthy capital market. This in turn needs the liberalization, deregulation and adjustments in the structural issues, supervisory issues and the issues in relation with the implementation of common guidelines in relation with the international capital market. The author demands the capacity building and branding of state owned stakes to develop their status as ones having sellable stocks. Incentives so as to foster financial innovation have to be issued by the government. Further, it has been demanded to develop international collaborations and associations so as to trigger the development of a corporate market. The article also suggests that the regulations on foreign investment and their participation in local trade have to be taken off. These strategies in alignment with administrative reforms have been envisaged by Jochen R Andritzky to promote the development of a capital market. The article is a guideline for individual economies to develop as globally competitive ones. Though the conclusions of the article have been framed in accordance with a case study done on Slovenia, they are applicable for the prospering economies still striving to get into the global scenario. Primarily the international expertise of the author and the organizational profile he owns confirms the credibility of the study. The study has been based on solid scientific investigation strictly based on economic grounds. The paper has well

Sectors in tourism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sectors in tourism - Research Paper Example Barriers to trade and entry relating to the specific region and industry would also be evaluated in the paper to help in generation of effective inferences. Likewise any other industry, tourism industry is also divided into various segments. The segmentation allows the industry to specifically target certain groups and cater to their needs by offering them with their requirements. The Tourism Industry is essentially divided into eight different sectors that can be listed as follows. Accommodation: The accommodation sector in the tourism industry of Canada reflects considerable growth thereby generating greater opportunities for potential investments to be made in the development of hotels and lodges. Estimates reflect that from 2012 to the current period the sector reflects increased contribution to the GDP of Canada and also helps in generating potential employment (Yokon Government , 2013). Adventure and Recreation: The scenic beauty of the tourism spots is observed to largely attract growing number of tourists from foreign countries and other locations. Moreover, the growth of adventure minded tourists also helps in generating needed revenue for this sector. Attractions: This tourism sector is developed based on the existence of heritage sites and also places of national and religious interest that helps in attracting large number of tourists to the regions. Events and Conferences: The emergence of business or corporate tourism accounts for the growth of potentials revenues for the different regions. This accounts for the development of trade and conference centers helping in the holding of key trade events and meetings. Food and Beverage: The growth of the flow of tourists to the different region is observed to contribute in the growth of food and beverage industry in the regions. This sector is observed to generate both potential employment and revenues relating to the different tourism regions. Tourism

Ethical Leadership Improve The Job Satisfaction Management Essay

Ethical Leadership Improve The Job Satisfaction Management Essay For the purpose of the respond to the age of rapid change in the environment today, a new type of leadership is necessary to use in order to adopt the change and avoid failure of a company. Some researcher (Northouse, Peter Guy, 2001) suggested that the ethical theory provides a system of rules that gives a direction for human to define what is right and wrong and fair and unfair in order to achieve distributive justice. Ethical theory also provides an understanding about which thing to be done is exanimated as a morality behavior. This paper review two major ethical theories: Ethical Egoism, Utilitarianism and discuss how these two theories affects the efficiency and job satisfactory of the employee. Job Satisfaction (1) In simple words, job satisfaction is concerning how the employees feel about their jobs, do they like or dislike the job. It will affect their willingness to comply with directives or just quit the firm. Job satisfaction is an attitudinal variable that can be a diagnostic indicator for the degree to which people like their job (Paul E. Spector, 1997). There are many ways to affect their job satisfaction, for example, relationship between coworkers, pay, benefits, working condition, safety, supervisors. This paper is mainly focus on the relationship between ethical leader and the job satisfaction of employee. Ethical Leadership (2) Most but not all people share the same core values about how they would feel happy, when they are satisfied with the situation even if they are working. In generally, there are two ways to view the world, one is selfish point of view and another is ethical point of view. Selfish point of view means that people only consider itself and they do not respect others. They have their own core values to treat the things they are going to do. While ethical point of view means people whose are respecting people. Ethical Leadership is the way in which a leader behaves, set the tone and builds the culture of an organization to effectively develop and empower the people in a company which is the critical success factor in a company (Linda M. Sama Victoria Shoaf, 2008). This is the reason why the leadership in promoting work ethic in a company is being popular nowadays, leader often be involved to control the outcomes that may affect employees such as how they work to meet the goals. The leader is in the ideal position to provide a highly visible role model for others to follow who can give some strong signal to the employees that the employees will maintain a strong ethical performance in facing such pressure. So that the leader can use the tools of position of leadership to promote ethical conduct at work, they make ethics salient by modeling ethical conduct to their employees. Ethical is an intangible things that is very hard to describe in sentences, a code of ethics can be used. A code of ethics is a set of rules and guidelines that is used to set out the acceptable behavior for the employees, and also manger. The employee can govern themselves with such code of ethic when they are facing the ethical problem during their work. The format of the code of ethic can be totally different, it always started with the organizational values, principles, standards, controversial ethical situation they may face and the possible action they may do. To implement a code of conduct, ethics and compliance programs can be rolled out consisting, for example, of employee training, communication programs, security measures, hotlines, disciplinary and enforcement mechanisms, and response protocols. When codes are implemented forcefully and embedded strongly in the culture, reports of unethical behavior tend to be lower. (Ben A. Maguada Robert M. Krone, 2009) However, some of the researchers (Kaptein, Huberts, Avelino, Lasthuizen, 2005) said that although there are almost all national government departments and 47 percent of the 100 largest local governments in Netherlands have codes of conduct, they told that the effectiveness of the use of code of conduct is elusive. In the Ethical leadership and employees job satisfaction, the effectiveness of using ethic in a company will be explained. [Governments demand compliance, ethics demands leadership, 218] Ethical leadership and employees job satisfaction There are some popular ethical theories that can be applied to the leadership. In this section, our discussion about how these theories will always fall the job satisfaction of the employee. To measures the job satisfaction, commitment, trust is used. The theories can be categorized as teleological theories, which are Ethical Egoism and Utilitarianism. Commitment defined by (Bello, 2012) as loyalty and attachment of an individual or group to the organization. Organizational commitment is defined as a state in which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization. Commitment had been used by organizations to predict desired employee behavior in the areas of performance, absenteeism and emotional attachment. Employees commitment is necessary for desirable organizational outcomes like job satisfaction (Lum, L, Kervin, J, Klark, K, Reid, F, Sirola, W, 1998). Trust is a sacred and emotional relationship between people; the expectation of faith that individuals have on the organization and leadership (Darcy, 2010). Trust is the foundation for constructive conflict, goal commitment, personal accountability, and achieving collective goals (Lencioni, 2005 cited in Collins, 2010). Trust is a positive expectation that another will not act opportunistically (Robbins, Judge, Millet Water-Marsh, 2008). This is the expectation of others in words, actions or decisions. Ethical Egoism Ethical egoism states that a person should act so as to create the greatest good for themselves. A leader with this orientation would take a job that he selfishly enjoys. Self-interest is an ethical stance closely related to transactional leadership theory. The leader with transactional leadership are more aware of the goals and objectives of the organization (Singh, 2012). So that in some ways, such theories are able to implement strategies more effectively. But this theory do not promoting the ethics due to the fact that the employees only focus on the end and the goals. A famous professor in the Bayero University, Kano (Bello, 2012) agreed that in transactional leadership style, the employee does nothing out of a sense of loyalty and selflessness toward the organization but only acts as a means of gaining payment. Ethical egoism is common in some business contexts in which a company a company and its employees make decisions to achieve its goal of maximizing profits. Social injustices will be occurred when individuals have put their own interests first. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism also called greatest happiness principle which decided whether an action is right or wrong to the extent that it increases or decreases the total happiness of the affected parties. U does not promote claim there is always a right thing to do in any situation, but it suggests there is always a best suit of action in different situation. Utilitarianism values can take the form of act or rule based utilitarianism. Act utilitarianism is a consequentialist principle that focusing on the consequences. To identify an action is good, add up the change of happiness of all affected parties in terms of its potential to produce the greatest amount of good for the largest number of people. While rules utilitarianism focusing on adopting moral rules and which will lead to the greatest increase in total happiness if the rules is followed by everyone. It defines who will be benefit or harmed after the action and see whether the harm is more than the benefits or not. -ve Commitment (2) As mention in the Ethical Egoism section, the leader is focus on the end with theirs own interest. The efficient to meet the goals is increased, the employee may not happy if Break the promise due to they put their interests first [Leader Ethics and Organizational Commitment, 18] Commitment (2) Willingness to report problems, willingness to put in extra hours and positive perceptions of work climate Maximizing the number of affected parties are fair Prices primary perspective on ethical leadership is grounded on Kants admonition that ethical duty is recognized universalizability: Act as though the maxim of your action were by your will become a universal law of nature. In principle, no leader is ever allowed to act in a way that is exceptional to the principle of universalizability. -ve Trust (2) Will not offer their ideas, their enthusiasm, or their souls Leader uses his power or position for his personal gain or advantage in total disregard of what is morally right or wrong Trust (2) Solomon contends that creating trusting relationships and maintaining ethical standards is neither an excessive burden nor a business disadvantage. [Business, Ethics, and Leadership in a Post Enron Era, 13] Leaders above the law? Can they claim they are exceptional or that they have a free-ride status? The answer for Price is always a definitive deontological no! Leaders should never be above the law, and we all common-sensically know that. When people in leadership positions [Leadership Ethics An Introduction, 602] Dirks and Ferrin (2002) found that the most important antecedents for trust in leaders are leadership style and practices, in particular transformational leadership, perceived organizational support, and interactional justice. They also suggested that role-modeling behavior may be responsible for the effects of transformational leadership. With regard to followers trust in their leader, the results to date suggest that integrity (together with ability) is especially important in cases of trust erosion compared to cases of trust building, where benevolence is the most important dimension of trustworthiness (Lapidot, 2007). Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Moorman, and Fetter (1990), however, found that transformational leadership-a leadership style that is often said to be closely related to ethical leadership (Bass Steidlmeier, 1999; Brown Trevino, 2006; Lasthuizen, 2008)-has a direct effect on followers trust in their leader, which suggests an implicit relationship between ethical leadership and trust. Furthermore, in her research regarding the relationships between leadership and trust, Den Hartog (2003) found a strong correlation between perceived leader integrity and trust in leader. Caldwell et al. (2008) also conceptually related ethical stewardship to increased levels of trust, but without any empirical exploration or testing. Finally, the trustworthiness of the leader is often seen as a prerequisite for setting a good example as an ethical leader (Trevino et al., 2000; Trevino Weaver, 2003). [ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND TRUST ITS ALL ABOUT MEETING EXPECTATIONS, 105] [ETHICAL LEADERSHIP Keeping Values in Business Cultures, 13] Commitment/Trust (2) [Impact of Ethical Leadership on Employee Job Performance, 231] [Extra effort on the job, Ethical and Unethical Leadership Exploring New Avenues for Future Research, 586] Ethical Leadership Maintenance (1) For instance, is there an open enough environment where ethical issues can be discussed and apparently unethical behavior can be questioned? A formal ethics policy can play an important role in creating and maintaining ethical culture code of ethics, as the cornerstone of an ethics policy, could also be regarded as a tangible, aspirational expression of the organizations ethical culture (well-designed business ethics policy) The design of the code itself is also important. As noted earlier, what ethical issues are addressed in a code and how they are explained have an impact on an ethics policys effectiveness. If a code only addresses a narrow set of issues and/or only sets out rules with which the employees are expected to comply, it is unlikely to help create an ethical culture. It will also be good practice for an organization to ensure that employees can obtain advice on ethical issues or raise concerns about them (obtaining advice and speaking up) Training and awareness raising ensures values and ethics are embedded in the organization is training and awareness raising (AMA 2006). This can be done in various ways. It usually forms an integral part of induction training programs; but employees at all levels should be trained (at least) on the ethical issues that relate to their jobs and be made aware of the companys ethics standards. [Corporate codes of ethics necessary but not sufficient, 409] [Leadership and Business Ethics Does It Matter Implications for Management, 331] [Leadership and Ethics in the Service Industry, 14, 15] [Ethics and leadership enablers and stumbling blocks, 154] Leader leading by example, employee development and a learning culture combine to promote an ethical approach to leadership. [Ethical Leadership for the Professions Fostering a Moral Community, 41] They must practice not only the skills developed from their professional training, but also they must exercise leadership over others. An important characteristic of trust is that the trustor has expectations of the trustees behavior. If those expectations are met, trust is seen as having been warranted. [ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND TRUST ITS ALL ABOUT MEETING EXPECTATIONS, 105] Conclusion (1)

Fossil Fuels :: Energy Essays

Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels are created from organic material that was created millions of years ago. Petroleum, a fossil fuel gets its name from two words, "petra" meaning rock and "oleum" which means oil. Petroleum is drilled in order to search for oil. Also to determine the size of a reserve, as well as to produce oil and gas at a controlled rate. There are different ways to recover Petroleum. One of which is primary recovery. In this method, all flows are from natural pressure or simple pumping. The maximum recovery is thirty percent of the oil in the well. Secondary recovery pumps water or gas into the well to force oil out. Through this, an additional ten to twenty percent can be recovered. On March 11, 2002 we learned the difference between gasoline engines and diesel engines. Gasoline engines give low power, low efficiency, are quiet, have an easy cold start, cause less pollution, controlled emissions, and easily converted. Diesel engines give high power, high efficiency, are noisy, difficult cold start, more pollution, and it is more difficult to control emissions. There are severe environmental impacts from fossil fuel use. These impacts are found in all stages, recovery, transportation, refining,storage,and end use. During recovery of coal, the earth suffers destruction of topsoil as well as acidic run off creating orange creeks and land subsidence. Petroleum production causes on land and off shore drilling as well as gushers and accidents. During transportation accidents can occur and are pretty much routine. This causes massive pollution of the seas. Preparation or refining creates refuse and sludge from coal cleaning plants. With petroleum air and water pollution are caused. In storage, gasoline leaks in underground tanks at gas stations are a threat. During end use, pollutants from combustion occur. Also, the release of sulfur and nitrogen oxides pose a threat. On March 18,2002 we learned of measures to reduce the environmental pollution from fossil fuel use.